{"id":2761,"date":"2012-11-14T17:51:43","date_gmt":"2012-11-14T15:51:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infakt.pl\/blog\/?p=2761"},"modified":"2024-09-19T13:15:15","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T11:15:15","slug":"ksiegowosc-pramatka-alfabetu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infakt.pl\/blog\/ksiegowosc-pramatka-alfabetu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ksi\u0119gowo\u015b\u0107 – pramatka alfabetu"},"content":{"rendered":"Ma\u0142o kto wie, \u017ce tw\u00f3rcami alfabetu s\u0105 niekoniecznie wybitni uczeni, ale raczej\u2026 staro\u017cytni przedsi\u0119biorcy. Wyniki najnowszych bada\u0144 sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce pismo powsta\u0142o w wyniku doskonalenia technik ksi\u0119gowania. Wynalazek alfabetu to g\u0142\u00f3wnie zas\u0142uga drobnych kupc\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy tak jak osoby korzystaj\u0105ce z us\u0142ugi Self Serice<\/a>, osobi\u015bcie zajmowali si\u0119 sprawami rachunkowymi.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nNaukowcy nadal nie potrafi\u0105 jednoznacznie odpowiedzie\u0107, gdzie pismo pojawi\u0142o si\u0119 najpierw. Wiadomo jednak, dlaczego i po co powsta\u0142o.\r\n

Pismo narz\u0119dziem w\u0142adzy<\/h2>\r\nNajstarsze zachowane do dzi\u015b \u015bwiadectwa pisma znaleziono w Mezopotamii. Pochodz\u0105 one ze schy\u0142ku IV tysi\u0105clecia p.n.e. i s\u0105 to g\u0142\u00f3wnie notatki gospodarcze i administracyjne. To w\u0142a\u015bnie dynamiczny rozw\u00f3j ekonomii doprowadzi\u0142 do powstania pierwszych zapisk\u00f3w.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nJednak staro\u017cytne pismo by\u0142o bardzo skomplikowane. Jego nauka by\u0142a \u017cmudna, czasoch\u0142onna i kosztowna. Dlatego przez tysi\u0105ce lat umiej\u0119tno\u015b\u0107 pisania i czytania by\u0142a przywilejem w\u0105skiej grupy ludzi, kt\u00f3rzy zajmowali wa\u017cne stanowiska w pa\u0144stwie.\r\n\r\nPismo sta\u0142o si\u0119 narz\u0119dziem kontroli poddanych. Co wi\u0119cej, zdolno\u015b\u0107 pos\u0142ugiwania si\u0119 nim by\u0142a gwarancj\u0105 b\u0142yskotliwej kariery. Dlatego te\u017c ma\u0142o kto by\u0142 zainteresowany rozpowszechnianiem umiej\u0119tno\u015bci czytania i pisania. Skomplikowany system znak\u00f3w zapewnia\u0142 mniejszo\u015bci utrzymywanie monopolu na wiedz\u0119 i wykszta\u0142cenie. G\u0142\u00f3wnym impulsem do powstania alfabetu by\u0142 wi\u0119c… prywatny interes.\r\n

Prywatny biznes w staro\u017cytnym \u015bwiecie<\/h2>\r\nNie powinien dziwi\u0107 fakt, \u017ce to w\u0142a\u015bnie na peryferiach wielkich imperi\u00f3w dosz\u0142o do wykszta\u0142cenia si\u0119 pisma literowego. Do powstania alfabetu przyczynili si\u0119 g\u0142\u00f3wnie prywatni przedsi\u0119biorcy, kt\u00f3ry doskonalili techniki ksi\u0119gowania.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nJak podkre\u015bla brytyjski prehistoryk Gordon Childe, proste pismo alfabetyczne tworzono z my\u015bl\u0105 o tym, aby u\u0142atwi\u0107 interesy drobnym przedsi\u0119biorcom. Na terenie Palestyny, Libanu i zachodniej Syrii w III i II tysi\u0105cleciu p.n.e. powsta\u0142y wielkie miasta portowe. Na targowiskach i placach spotykali si\u0119 ludzie z r\u00f3\u017cnych stron \u015bwiata, korzystaj\u0105cy z odmiennych system\u00f3w pisma.\r\n\r\nDrobni przedsi\u0119biorcy nie mogli sobie pozwoli\u0107 na zatrudnienie i op\u0142acenie ksi\u0119gowych znaj\u0105cych skomplikowany system znak\u00f3w.<\/strong> D\u0105\u017cyli wi\u0119c do uproszczenia zapisk\u00f3w, aby mogli w\u0142asnor\u0119cznie sporz\u0105dza\u0107 notatki i listy handlowe. Samodzielna ksi\u0119gowo\u015b\u0107<\/a> by\u0142a w ich przypadku konieczno\u015bci\u0105.\r\n

Dzisiejszy alfabet wynalazkiem drobnych przedsi\u0119biorc\u00f3w<\/h2>\r\nDzi\u0119ki drobnym przedsi\u0119biorcom powsta\u0142y pierwsze alfabety. Za ich pomoc\u0105 mo\u017cna by\u0142o w prosty spos\u00f3b zapisa\u0107 wyra\u017cenia, kt\u00f3re dot\u0105d wymaga\u0142y znajomo\u015bci tysi\u0119cy znak\u00f3w. Prawdziwym hitem okaza\u0142o si\u0119 pismo fenickie, kt\u00f3re sk\u0142ada\u0142o si\u0119 tylko z 22 znak\u00f3w. Oko\u0142o IX w. p.n.e. greccy przedsi\u0119biorcy podpatrzyli ten spos\u00f3b zapisu u kupc\u00f3w fenickich i przystosowali go do swojego j\u0119zyka.\r\nJak wida\u0107, bez ksi\u0119gowo\u015bci dzisiejszy \u015bwiat m\u00f3g\u0142by wygl\u0105da\u0107 zupe\u0142nie inaczej.<\/strong>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ma\u0142<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":116,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2054],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jednoosobowa-dzialalnosc"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBez ksi\u0119gowo\u015bci by\u0107 mo\u017ce nie by\u0142oby alfabetu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Wyniki najnowszych bada\u0144 sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce pismo powsta\u0142o w wyniku doskonalenia technik ksi\u0119gowania.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infakt.pl\/blog\/ksiegowosc-pramatka-alfabetu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bez 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